1. One of the earliest historians of chemistry, Hermann Kopp (1817â1892), already pointed out the issue of the identity of the discipline he belonged to. In pointing out the changes in methods and goals over time he tried to debunk the illusion of an a-historical essence of chemistry. Hermann Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, Brunswick: F. Vieweg und Sohn 1843â47, vol. I, p. 4â5.
2. Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent, Isabelle Stengers, A History of Chemistry, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1996, p. 3â8.
3. Alistair Crombie, Styles of Scientific Thinking in the European Tradition, London: Gerald Duckworth 1994, Vol. 1, p. 3.
4. Crombie, Styles of Scientific Thinking (see note 3), p. 7.
5. Ludwik Fleck, Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache: Einführung in die Lehre vom Denkstil und Denkkollektiv, Basel: Schwabe 1935, English transl. Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press 1979.