Step‐Economical Mechanosynthesis of Hybrid Azoles: Deciphering Their π‐Orbital and Pharmacological Characteristics

Abstract

AbstractA hybrid pharmacophore strategy for unifying 1,2,3‐triazole with 1,2,4‐triazole cores to prepare mixed triazoles was accomplished by a ball‐milling approach. The developed chemistry works under the catalysis of cupric oxide nanoparticles with salient features like one‐jar operation, lower number of synthetic steps, catalyst recyclability, time‐dependent product control, and good overall yields. π‐Orbital properties based on theoretical calculations supported the suitability of these molecules for pharmacological screening. Therefore, the biological potency of the synthesized molecules was evaluated for antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐diabetic activities. By virtue of their proton‐donating tendency, all compounds showed promising radical‐scavenging activity with the inhibition level reaching up to 90 %. These molecular hybrids also exhibited anti‐inflammatory and anti‐diabetic potencies similar to those of standard compounds, owing to their electron‐rich nature. Finally, α‐amylase inhibitory potential was demonstrated in silico; significant regions necessary for enzyme inhibition were identified by hydrogen bonding interactions.