High Seebeck Coefficient Thermally Chargeable Supercapacitor with Synergistic Effect of Multichannel Ionogel Electrolyte and Ti3C2Tx MXene‐Based Composite Electrode

Abstract

Thermally chargeable supercapacitors can collect low‐grade heat generated by the human body and convert it into electricity as a power supply unit for wearable electronics. However, the low Seebeck coefficient and heat‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency hinder further application. In this paper, we designed a high‐performance thermally chargeable supercapacitor device composed of ZnMn2O4@Ti3C2Tx MXene composites (ZMO@Ti3C2Tx MXene) electrode and UIO‐66 metal–organic framework doped multichannel polyvinylidene fluoridehexafluoro‐propylene ionogel electrolyte, which realized the thermoelectric conversion and electrical energy storage at the same time. This thermally chargeable supercapacitor device exhibited a high Seebeck coefficient of 55.4 mV K−1, thermal voltage of 243 mV, and outstanding heat‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency of up to 6.48% at the temperature difference of 4.4 K. In addition, this device showed excellent charge–discharge cycling stability at high‐temperature differences (3 K) and low‐temperature differences (1 K), respectively. Connecting two thermally chargeable supercapacitor units in series, the generated output voltage of 500 mV further confirmed the stability of devices. When a single device was worn on the arm, a thermal voltage of 208.3 mV was obtained indicating the possibility of application in wearable electronics.