Affiliation:
1. Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
2. Hydrogen ⋅ Fuel Cell Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Seoul 02792 Korea
3. Institute of Energy and Process Systems Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Langer Kamp 19B 38106 Braunschweig Germany
4. Energy & Environment Technology KIST School University of Science and Technology (UST) Seoul 02792 Korea
Abstract
AbstractNon‐aqueous organic redox flow batteries (RFB) utilizing verdazyl radicals are increasingly explored as energy storage technology. Verdazyl cations in RFBs with acidic aqueous electrolytes, however, have not been investigated yet. To advance the application in aqueous RFBs it is crucial to examine the interaction with the utilized membranes. Herein, the interactions between the 1,3,5‐triphenylverdazyl cation and commercial Nafion 211 and self‐casted polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes are systematically investigated to improve the performance in RFBs. The impact of polymer backbones is studied by using mPBI and OPBI as well as different pre‐treatments with KOH and H3PO4. Nafion 211 shows substantial absorption of the 1,3,5‐triphenylverdazylium cation resulting in loss of conductivity. In contrast, mPBI and OPBI are chemically stable against the verdazylium cation without noticeable absorption. Pre‐treatment with KOH leads to a significant increase in ionic conductivity as well as low absorption and permeation of the verdazylium cation. Symmetrical RFB cell tests on lab‐scale highlight the beneficial impact of PBI membranes in terms of capacity retention and I‐V curves over Nafion 211. With only 2 % d−1 capacity fading 1,3,5‐triphenylverdazyl cations in acidic electrolytes with low‐cost PBI based membranes exhibit a higher cycling stability compared to state‐of‐the‐art batteries using verdazyl derivatives in non‐aqueous electrolytes.