Anion‐Rocking Chair Batteries with Tuneable Voltage using Viologen‐ and Phenothiazine Polymer‐based Electrodes**

Abstract

AbstractOrganic battery electrode materials offer the unique opportunity for full cells to operate in an anion‐rocking chair mode. For this configuration a pair of p‐type redox‐active electrode materials is required with a substantial potential gap between their redox processes. We herein investigate viologen‐functionalized polystyrenes as negative electrode paired with a phenothiazine polymer as positive electrode in all‐organic full cells. The 10 % crosslinked viologen polymer X10‐PVBV gave better performance than the linear PVBV and was employed in a full cell as negative electrode with cross‐linked poly(3‐vinyl‐N‐methylphenothiazine) (X‐PVMPT) as positive electrode. Three cell configurations regarding the voltage range were investigated, of which one with an operating potential of 0.9 V gave the highest performance. The full cell delivered a specific discharge capacity of 64 mA h g−1 (of X‐PVMPT) in the first cycle and a capacity retention of 79 % after 100 cycles. This is one of only few reported anion rocking chair all‐organic cells and the first employing a phenothiazine‐based positive electrode material.