Increased bone resorption that outpaces increased bone formation: An important pathology of rapidly destructive coxarthrosis

Abstract

AbstractRapid joint destruction caused by rapidly destructive coxarthrosis (RDC) can increase surgical complexity and intraoperative blood loss. This single‐center retrospective study investigates osteoporosis‐related biomarkers for early RDC diagnosis and explores new treatment targets. We included 398 hip joints from patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty, examining medical records for preoperative patient demographics, bone mineral density of the hip and lumbar spine from dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scans, and osteoporosis‐related biomarkers including TRACP‐5b, total P1NP, intact parathyroid hormone, and homocysteine. We compared RDC and osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and univariate analysis showed that RDC patients were older (p < 0.001) and had lower serum levels of albumin (p < 0.001) and higher serum levels of TRACP‐5b, total P1NP (p < 0.001), and homocysteine (p = 0.006). Multivariable analysis showed that the ratio of serum TRACP‐5b to total P1NP had a more significant difference in RDC patients than in OA patients (p = 0.04). Serum TRACP‐5b levels were negatively correlated with the time between RDC onset and blood collection, and Japanese Orthopedic Association pain score. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the ratio of serum TRACP‐5b to total P1NP had the highest area under the curve value. This study is the first to demonstrate that the ratio of serum TRACP‐5b to total P1NP—increased bone resorption that outpaces increased bone formation—is significantly elevated in patients with RDC and that TRACP‐5b is higher in the early stages of RDC. Inhibiting serum levels of TRACP‐5b, activated osteoclasts, during early RDC may suppress disease progression.