Use of cholesterol‐lowering medications in relation to risk of primary liver cancer in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the relation between statin use and liver cancer risk has been extensively examined, few studies have examined other cholesterol‐lowering medications in relation to liver cancer risk. The authors examined five classes of nonstatin medications and liver cancer risk.MethodsA nested case–control including 3719 cases and 14,876 matched controls was conducted within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Additional matches on type 2 diabetes and chronic liver disease were also implemented. The medications examined included cholesterol absorption inhibitors, bile acid sequestrants, fibrates, niacin, and omega‐3 fatty acids. Conditional logistic regression estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsCholesterol absorption inhibitor use was associated with reduced liver cancer risk in the overall analysis (odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.50–0.96) and in analyses based on type 2 diabetes and chronic liver disease status. Although bile acid sequestrant use was associated with increased liver cancer risk in the overall analysis (odds ratio, 5.31; 95% confidence interval, 3.53–7.97), the results of the analyses based on type 2 diabetes and chronic liver disease status were inconsistent. [Correction added on 19 August 2024, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the value ‘3.534’ has been changed to ‘3.54’.]. No associations were observed for the other medications.ConclusionsCholesterol absorption inhibitors may be associated with reduced liver cancer risk. Whether bile acid sequestrant use was associated with increased risk was only partially supported in the current study.