1. Department of Chemical EngineeringKing Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
2. Center for Research Excellence in Nanotechnology (CENT), KFUPM Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
3. King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology – Technology Innovation Center on Carbon Capture and Sequestration (KACST‐TIC on CCS) at KFUPM Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
4. Center for Engineering Research, KFUPM Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia