Affiliation:
1. Biofuels/Bioenergy Group University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
Abstract
AbstractThe long‐distance transport sector will not be easily electrified. Aviation will primarily use sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) to meet its decarbonization targets. Although marine will also be hard to decarbonize this sector has several lower carbon‐intensive (CI) fuel options such as electric‐hybrids, liquefied natural gas (LNG), ‘green’ methanol, ammonia, hydrogen, and biobased fuels. The advantages of using these latter fuels are their ready integration into much of the existing infrastructure, their availability, their use in today's marine engines, substantial carbon emission reductions, and established supply chains. However, there will be increasing competition for the oleochemical/lipid feedstocks from the trucking and aviation sector, while the cost, availability, and overall sustainability of these biofuels are problematic. In the longer term, it is hoped that biomass‐derived biocrudes produced via thermochemical processes such as pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and gasification will supplement the lipid feedstocks and be more sustainable, cheaper, and plentiful. The robustness of marine engines is also conducive to the direct use of straight vegetable oils (SVO) and biocrudes. However, ‘enabling’ policies such as the British Columbia low carbon fuels standard will be required to bridge the initial price gap between fossil and low‐CI fuels while the international nature of most marine traffic will require agreement on how the life cycle analysis (LCA) is determined.
Subject
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Bioengineering
Reference77 articles.
1. Global futures of trade impacting the challenge to decarbonize the international shipping sector
2. GielenD CastellanosG RuizC RoeschRandRatkaS Study Navigating the Way to a Renewable Future–Solutions to Decarbonise Shipping: Preliminary findings for the UN Climate Action Summit 2019(2019 [09 Febuary 2022). Available:https://www.h2knowledgecentre.com/content/policypaper1307.
3. IEA Task 39 Progress towards biofuels for marine shipping.
4. SimonsenTI WeissND vanDykS vanThuijlEandThomsenST Progress towards biofuels for marine shipping status and identification of barriers for utilization of advanced biofuels in the marine sector(2021. [09 Febuary 2022). Available: chrome‐extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/viewer.html?pdfurl = https%3A%2F%2Ftask39.sites.olt.ubc.ca%2Ffiles%2F2021%2F07%2FProgress‐towards‐biofuels‐for‐marine‐shippingT39‐report_June‐2021_Final.pdf&clen=2 152 820.
5. IRENA A Pathway to Decarbonise the Shipping Sector by 2050(2021).