1. Institute of Mechanical, Process, and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences; Heriot-Watt University; Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
2. Edinburgh Urological Cancer Group, Division of Pathology Laboratories, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; University of Edinburgh; Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South Edinburgh EH4 2XU UK
3. Department of Urology, NHS Lothian; Western General Hospital; Crewe Road South Edinburgh EH4 2XU UK