Assessment of Pulmonary Arterial Vascular Impedance in Fetuses With Tetralogy of Fallot

Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate the vascular impedance of the pulmonary arteries in fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) by Doppler echocardiography.MethodsA total of 42 fetuses with TOF (TOF group) and 84 gestational age‐matched normal fetuses (control group) were prospectively collected from the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from August 2022 to January 2023. The severity of TOF was classified into mild TOF (z score ≥−2), moderate TOF (−4 < z score < −2), or severe TOF (z score ≤−4) according to the z score value of the pulmonary annulus diameter. The pulsatility index (PI) of the main pulmonary artery (MPA), distal left pulmonary artery (DLPA), and distal right pulmonary artery (DRPA) were measured by pulsed‐wave Doppler. The differences in clinical data and echocardiographic parameters between TOF group, control group, and TOF subgroups were compared.ResultsCompared with the control group, MPA‐PI increased significantly, whereas DLPA‐PI and DRPA‐PI decreased in TOF group (all P < .001). There were no significant differences in MPA‐PI and DRPA‐PI among mild TOF, moderate TOF, and severe TOF (all P > .05). However, DLPA‐PI decreased significantly in severe TOF compared with mild TOF (P < .05).ConclusionFetuses with TOF presented increased vascular impedance in the pulmonary trunk and decreased impedance in distal pulmonary artery branches. Further large and follow‐up studies are needed to demonstrate the associations between those changed vascular impedances and the development of PA in patients with TOF.