On the Enthalpy of Formation and Enthalpy of Sublimation of Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′‐bitetrazole‐1,1′‐dioxide (TKX‐50)

Author:

Silva Ana L. R.1,Almeida Ana R. R. P.1,Ribeiro da Silva Maria D. M. C.1,Reinhardt Jelena2,Klapötke Thomas M.2

Affiliation:

1. Research Centre in Chemistry (CIQUP), Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Porto Rua do Campo Alegre P-4169-007 Porto Portugal

2. Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Chair of Small Molecule and Energetic Materials Research LMU Munich Butenandtstraße 5–13 81377 Munich Germany

Abstract

AbstractThe thermodynamic characterization of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′‐bitetrazole‐1,1′‐dioxide (TKX‐50) was reinvestigated. Although TKX‐50 is one of the most promising new‐generation energetic materials, contradictory reports are found in the literature with regard to its solid enthalpy of formation. The standard (po=105 Pa) molar enthalpy of formation of crystalline TKX‐50, (175.3±1.9) kJ ⋅ mol−1, was determined experimentally based on the measured standard massic energy of combustion, determined through static‐bomb combustion calorimetry. Additionally, the standard molar enthalpy of sublimation of TKX‐50, at T=298.15 K, (165.0±2.4) kJ ⋅ mol−1, was derived from vapor pressure measurements determined by a Knudsen mass‐loss effusion technique. Finally, different approaches were used in attempts to calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of TKX‐50 in the solid state. A critical overview and assessment of the data on the enthalpy of formation of TKX‐50 is also presented.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Chemical Engineering,General Chemistry

Reference45 articles.

1. Pushing the limits of energetic materials – the synthesis and characterization of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate

2.  

3. TKX-50: A highly promising secondary explosive Klapötke T. M. in:Materials Research and Applications (Select Papers from JCH8-2019) Trache D. Benaliouche F. Mekki A. (eds.) Springer Singapore 2021;

4. Effect of TKX-50 on the performance of solid propellants and explosives: a review Pang W. Klapötke T. M. DeLuca L. T. Wang K. Qin Z. Hu Y. in:Nano- and Micro-scale Energetic Materials Propellants and Explosives Pang W. DeLuca. L. (eds.) Wiley 2022;

5. New High Explosives and Melt Casts in the Western World (excl. China) Klapötke T. M. in:Nano- and Micro-scale Energetic Materials Propellants and Explosives Pang W. DeLuca L. (eds.) Wiley 2022.

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