Affiliation:
1. Environmental Engineering Shri Ramswaroop Memorial College of Engineering & Management Lucknow India
2. Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Mahatma Gandhi Central University Motihari Bihar India
3. College of Agriculture Central Agricultural University Imphal India
4. Department of Forestry Mizoram University Aizawl India
5. Department of Biotechnology GLA University Mathura Uttar Pradesh India
6. Advanced Biofuels Program The Energy and Resources Institute New Delhi India
Abstract
Abstractγ‐Polyglutamic acid (γ‐PGA) microgel, produced by Bacillus spp., represents a promising biomaterial with diverse industrial applications due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxic nature. This review explores the current methodologies in the industrial production of γ‐PGA microgel, emphasizing the optimization of fermentation conditions, genetic engineering of Bacillus strains, and advances in downstream processing techniques. Key applications in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and environmental management are discussed, highlighting its role in drug delivery systems, as a biocontrol agent, and in wastewater treatment. Future perspectives include enhancing production efficiency through synthetic biology, expanding its application scope, and addressing economic and regulatory challenges to facilitate broader adoption. The integration of innovative technologies and multidisciplinary approaches is crucial for the sustainable development and commercial success of γ‐PGA microgel.