Localization, induction, and cellular effects of tau phosphorylated at threonine 2171

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionTau phosphorylation at T217 is a promising Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker, but its functional consequences were unknown.MethodsHuman brain and cultured mouse neurons were analyzed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence for total tau, taupT217, taupT181, taupT231, and taupS396/pS404. Direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) super resolution microscopy was used to localize taupT217 in cultured neurons. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)‐tau was expressed in fibroblasts as wild type and T217E pseudo‐phosphorylated tau, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) reported tau turnover rates on microtubules.ResultsIn the brain, taupT217 appears in neurons at Braak stages I and II, becomes more prevalent later, and co‐localizes partially with other phospho‐tau epitopes. In cultured neurons, taupT217 is increased by extracellular tau oligomers (xcTauOs) and is associated with developing post‐synaptic sites. FRAP recovery was fastest for EGFP‐tauT217E.ConclusionTaupT217 increases in the brain as AD progresses and is induced by xcTauOs. Post‐synaptic taupT217 suggests a role for T217 phosphorylation in synapse impairment. T217 phosphorylation reduces tau's affinity for microtubules.Highlights Validation of anti‐tau phosphorylated at threonine‐217 (taupT217) specificity is essential due to epitope redundancy. taupT217 increases as Alzheimer's disease progresses and is found throughout diseased neurons. taupT217 is associated with developing post‐synaptic sites in cultured neurons. Extracellular oligomers of tau, but not amyloid beta, increase intracellular taupT217. T217E pseudo‐phosphorylation reduces tau's affinity for microtubules.