Affiliation:
1. School of Psychology University of Ottawa Ontario Ottawa Canada
2. Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health University of Ottawa Ontario Ottawa Canada
3. University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black Health Ontario Ottawa Canada
4. Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences University of Ottawa Ontario Ontario Canada
5. Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa Ontario Ottawa Canada
6. School of Nursing University of Ottawa Ontario Ottawa Canada
7. Department of Economics University of Ottawa Ontario Ottawa Canada
Abstract
AbstractDespite increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections and higher rates of COVID‐19‐related complications, racialized and Indigenous communities in Canada have lower immunization uptake compared to White individuals. However, there is woeful lack of data on predictors of COVID‐19 vaccine mistrust (VM) that accounts for diverse social and cultural contexts within specific racialized and Indigenous communities. Therefore, we sought to characterize COVID‐19 VM among Arab, Asian, Black, and Indigenous communities in Canada. An online survey was administered to a nationally representative, ethnically diverse panel of participants in October 2023. Arabic, Asian, Indigenous, and Black respondents were enriched in the sampling panel. Data were collected on demographics, COVID‐19 VM, experience of racial discrimination, health literacy, and conspiracy beliefs. We used descriptive and regression analyses to determine the extent and predictors of COVID‐19 VM among racialized and Indigenous individuals. All racialized respondents had higher VM score compared to White participants. Among 4220 respondents, we observed highest VM among Black individuals (12.18; ±4.24), followed by Arabic (12.12; ±4.60), Indigenous (11.84; ±5.18), Asian (10.61; ±4.28), and White (9.58; ±5.00) participants. In the hierarchical linear regression analyses, Black participants, women, everyday racial discrimination, and major experience of discrimination were positively associated with COVID‐19 VM. Effects of racial discrimination were mediated by addition of conspiracy beliefs to the model. Racialized and Indigenous communities experience varying levels of COVID‐19 VM and carry specific predictors and mediators to development of VM. This underscores the intricate interaction between race, gender, discrimination, and VM that need to be considered in future vaccination campaigns.
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