1. The discovery of the transistor: W. Shockley, J. Bardeen, and W. Brattain
2. Kilby J.S.(1959).Miniaturized electronic circuits. US Patent 3 138 743 3 138 743.http://doi.org/10.1109/N‐SSC.2007.4785580.
3. Noyce R.N.(1959).Semiconductor device‐and‐lead structure. US Patent 2 981 877 2 981 877.http://doi.org/10.1109/N‐SSC.2007.4785577.
4. Kahng D.(1960).Electric field controlled semiconductor device.US Patent 3 102 230 3 102 230.