Bioavailability of Phenytoin Acid and Phenytoin Sodium with Enteral Feedings

Abstract

Study Objective. To compare the absolute bioavailability of phenytoin (PHT) sodium solution and PHT acid suspension in healthy volunteers receiving continuously infused enteral feedings.Design. Randomized, open‐label, single‐dose, three‐period crossover study.Setting. University clinical research center.Subjects. Ten healthy volunteers age 23–43 years.Interventions. The three phases of the study were separated by at least 7 days. During phase A, subjects received PHT sodium 435 mg intravenously over 30 minutes. During phases B and C, subjects had a nasogastric feeding tube placed through which PHT acid suspension 400 mg and PHT sodium solution 435 mg were administered, respectively. For phases B and C, continuous enteral feedings were given by feeding tube for 14 hours before and after the PHT dose. Blood samples were collected over 72 hours after each PHT dose, and the serum was analyzed for PHT.Measurements and Main Results. The rate and extent of PHT absorption and PHT pharmacokinetics were determined using an empirical quadratic function of time method. Bioavailability, rate of absorption, maximum concentration (Cmax), and time to maximum concentration (Tmax) were compared for the two enteral doses by paired Student's t test. There were no significant differences in bioavailability for PHT acid suspension and PHT sodium solution (0.88 ± 0.15 vs 0.91 ± 0.7, p=0.57, 90% CI −0.14–0.071). The Cmax was greater (7.4 ± 0.9 mg/L vs 5.5 ± 1.7 mg/L, p=0.019) and Tmax was less (2.5 ± 3.8 vs. 14.8 ± 11.2 hrs, p=0.004) for the sodium solution. The time to 50% fractional absorption (0.33 ± 0.08 vs 3.2 ± 2.4 hrs, p=0.004) and 90% fractional absorption (7.9 ± 6.2 vs 22.3 ± 17.2 hrs, p=0.021) was also significantly shorter for the sodium solution.Conclusion. The absolute bioavailability of the two dosage forms of PHT administered with concomitant enteral feedings were not significantly different, however, the absorption patterns were significantly different, with the sodium solution being more rapidly absorbed.