Abstract
When animals, birds, and plants vanish from the landscape, this raises public concern. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, reporting a multinational consensus of hundreds of experts, concluded: “Over the past few hundred years, humans have increased species extinction rates by as much as 1,000 times background rates that were typical over Earth's history.” The US Congress, deploring the lack of “adequate concern [for] and conservation [of]” species, passed the Endangered Species Act 1973. A quite effective international convention from the same year is CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). Loss of species seems intuitively bad, but why? What values are attached to species?
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