π‐hole bonding: A new retention mechanism for the solid phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the hexane extracts of soil samples

Abstract

In this work, the perfluorobenzene‐bonded silica sorbent was tested to adsorb polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in hexane. In the comparison experiments, the perfluorobenzene‐bonded sorbent's performance was better than octadecyl silica sorbent and phenyl‐bonded silica sorbents, which indicated that the π‐hole···π bonds between perfluorobenzene and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were stronger than π···π interactions and hydrophobic interactions in hexane. Then the perfluorobenzene‐bonded silica sorbent was applied to solid‐phase extraction of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the hexane extracts of soil samples directly without the solvent replacement, which simplified the soil pretreatment process. And the results showed that under the optimal conditions, the proposed method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment soil presented good recoveries and stabilities for the 10 heavier polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with the recoveries ranging from 75.1% to 104.6% and the relative standard deviations being in the range of 1.4%–5.8%. The limits of detection of the method varied from 0.1 to 2 ng/g. This work reveals the great application potential of the π‐hole bond as a new retention mechanism in the field of solid‐phase extraction.