Separation and identification of terpene‐conjugated curcuminoids based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and their in vitro anti‐inflammatory activities

Abstract

Terpene‐conjugated curcuminoids are conjugates of curcuminoids and bisabolanes in the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. The fragmentation pathways of known three terpene‐conjugated curcuminoids (bisabolocurcumin‐ether, bisabocurcumin, and demethoxybisabolocurcumin ether) and curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin were investigated using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in negative mode to rapidly search and discover similar unknown compounds of the acetone fraction of turmeric. Subsequently, compounds 1–3 were founded in the acetone fraction based on molecular weight and above fragmentation pathways (the characteristic fragment ions, the most and second most abundant fragment ions produced in MS2 spectra). Terpecurcumin X (1) and terpecurcumin Y (3) were further separated by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry guided isolation technique to verify their structures by nuclear magnetic resonance, electrospray ionization high‐resolution mass spectroscopy, ultraviolet and visible spectra and infrared spectra. Interestingly, 1 and 3 were new compounds. The results indicate the feasibility and significant advantages of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the rapid discovery and analysis of new constituents in traditional Chinese medicine. In vitro, Terpene‐conjugated curcuminoids had better nitric oxide inhibitory activity than the other seven curcuminoids (demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, curdione, curcumenone, bisacurone, curcumenol, and germacron).