Incorporation of apical lymph node status into the seventh edition of the TNM classification improves prediction of prognosis in stage III colonic cancer

Author:

Kawada H1,Kurita N23,Nakamura F4,Kawamura J1,Hasegawa S1,Kotake K5,Sugihara K6,Fukuhara S23,Sakai Y1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

2. Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

3. Centre for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan

4. Department of Public Health, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

5. Department of Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Centre, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan

6. Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan

Abstract

Abstract Background The node classification outlined in the seventh edition of the TNM classification is based solely on the number of metastasized lymph nodes. This study examined the prognostic value of apical lymph node (ALN) metastasis and the additional value of incorporating ALN status into a risk model based on the seventh edition. Methods This was a cohort study of patients with stage III colonic cancer who underwent tumour resection with dissection of regional (including apical) lymph nodes at 71 hospitals across Japan between 2000 and 2002. The main exposure was pathologically confirmed ALN metastasis, and the primary endpoint was cancer-specific death. Results ALN metastasis was present in 113 (8·3 per cent) of 1355 patients. During 5356 patient-years of follow-up (median 5·0 years), 221 instances (16·3 per cent) of cancer-specific death were observed. After adjustment for tumour and node classification (as described in the seventh edition of the TNM classification) and other prognostic factors, ALN metastasis was found to be independently associated with cancer-specific death (hazard ratio 2·29, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1·49 to 3·52). Incorporation of ALN metastasis into the prognostic model based on the seventh edition of the TNM classification significantly improved discriminative performance for cancer-specific death (difference in concordance index 0·0146, 95 per cent c.i. 0·0030 to 0·0262) and risk reclassification for cancer-specific death at 5 years (category-free net reclassification improvement 19·4 (95 per cent c.i. 5·0 to 33·4) per cent). Conclusion Assessment of ALN metastasis provided independent prognostic information beyond that achievable with the seventh edition of the TNM classification in patients with stage III colonic cancer.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Surgery

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