c-Rel-dependent monocytes are potent immune suppressor cells in cancer

Author:

Li Ting12,Bou-Dargham Mayassa J1ORCID,Fultang Norman1,Li Xinyuan1,Pear Warren S1,Sun Honghong1,Chen Youhai H13

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

2. State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China

3. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CAS Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology , Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

Abstract

Abstract Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of leukocytes that are important for tumorigenesis and tumor immunotherapy. They comprise up to 10% of leukocytes in the blood of tumor patients and their depletion may be required for successful tumor immunotherapy. However, the identity of MDSCs remains obscure, primarily due to their heterogeneity and lack of a known lineage-specific transcription factor specifying their differentiation. Using single-cell transcriptomics and gene knockout approaches, we now describe a subset of murine and human myeloid suppressor cells, named rel-dependent monocytes (rMos), which are programmed by the transcription factor c-Rel of the NF-κB family. Unlike MDSCs described previously, the c-Rel-dependent monocytes expressed a high amount of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β together with a low level of suppressive molecule arginase 1. Both in vitro and in tumor-bearing mice, these c-Rel+IL-1βhiArg1− monocytes promoted tumor growth by potently suppressing T cell function and showed a strong migratory phenotype, all of which were impaired by c-Rel deficiency or inhibition. Mechanistic studies revealed that c-Rel controlled the expression of monocyte signature genes through a unique transcriptional complex called the c-Rel enhanceosome, and IL-1β-CCL2 crosstalk between tumor cells and the rel-dependent monocytes maintained the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Thus, c-Rel specifies the development of a suppressive monocyte population and could be selectively targeted for treating cancer.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Cell Biology,Immunology,Immunology and Allergy

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