Effects of fatty acid‐ethanol amine (FA‐EA) derivatives on lipid accumulation and inflammation

Abstract

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of fatty acid‐ethanol amine (FA‐EA) derivatives (L1–L10) on the mitigation of intracellular lipid accumulation and downregulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in vitro. First, the series of FA‐EA derivatives were synthesized and characterized. Then, their cytotoxic, intracellular lipid accumulation and inhibition of pro‐inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. The oil red O staining experiment showed that the tested compounds L4, L6, L8, L9, and L10 could reduce intracellular lipid accumulation induced by palmitic acid (PA). Moreover, ω‐3/ω‐6 PUFA‐EA derivatives showed inhibitory effect on the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. ω‐3/ω‐6 PUFA‐EA derivatives at a concentrations of 10 μM could significantly decrease mRNA levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α, inhibit NO production, and alleviate the protein expression of IL‐1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These data suggest that ω‐3 PUFA‐EA derivatives can be beneficial for further pharmaceutical development to treat chronic low‐grade inflammation diseases such as obesity.