Psychometric evaluation of the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ) in fibromyalgia: Confirmatory factor analysis and the development of a Swedish 8‐item version

Author:

Hoffmann Alice Ahnlund1,Frostell Elsa1,Hedman‐Lagerlöf Maria2ORCID,McCracken Lance M.3,Axelsson Erland456ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden

2. Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services Stockholm Sweden

3. Department of Psychology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

4. Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden

5. Liljeholmen Primary Health Care Center Region Stockholm Stockholm Sweden

6. Academic Primary Health Care Center Region Stockholm Stockholm Sweden

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundExcessive attention to pain, or hypervigilance, is associated with negative outcomes in chronic pain conditions such as fibromyalgia. The Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire (PVAQ) is a self‐report questionnaire to measure attention to pain. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the PVAQ.MethodsPsychometric evaluation on cross‐sectional data derived from a clinical trial for fibromyalgia (N = 274). We evaluated item characteristics, factor structure in a confirmatory factor analytic framework, internal consistency, and construct validity in terms of correlations with other clinical variables.ResultsThough confirmatory factor analysis did not result in a satisfactory solution for the full 16‐item scale, acceptable two‐factor solutions could be based on either nine or eight items (the PVAQ‐9 and PVAQ‐8). Internal consistency for both the PVAQ‐9 and PVAQ‐8 were good to excellent, and associations with pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depression, disability, and overall fibromyalgia impact were largely supportive of construct validity. An unexpected result was that, contrary to previous findings, no version of the PVAQ correlated consistently with pain intensity.ConclusionsThe Swedish PVAQ‐9 and PVAQ‐8 appear to have acceptable psychometric properties when administered online to individuals with fibromyalgia. The PVAQ‐8 may be preferable due to being shorter and including an equal number of items per factor. Replication is warranted.SignificanceThis study evaluated the psychometric properties of a Swedish translation of the PVAQ in individuals with fibromyalgia. No convincing factor structure was found for the 16‐item version. We could, however, confirm the factor structure of an established 9‐item version (the PVAQ‐9), and recommend further use of a new 8‐item version (the PVAQ‐8). In summary, the PVAQ exhibited more convincing psychometric properties when the number of items was roughly cut in half.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine

Reference32 articles.

1. The fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ): A review of its development, current version, operating characteristics, and uses;Bennett R. M.;Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology,2005

2. Cognitive behavioural therapies for fibromyalgia;Bernardy K.;Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,2013

3. Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: A primer;Boateng G. O.;Frontiers in Public Health,2018

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