The role of social support and self‐management on glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus with complications in Ghana: A cross‐sectional study

Author:

Adu Frank Amankwah12,Poku Collins Atta2ORCID,Adu Amanda Parko2,Owusu Lydia Boampong2

Affiliation:

1. Medical Technology in the Xiangya School of Nursing Central South University Changsha China

2. Department of Nursing Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Abstract

AbstractBackground and AimsDiabetes mellitus (DM) can result in detrimental complications which are connected with long‐term impairments and disabilities. Chronic complications are well‐known consequences of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progression, which reduce patient quality of life, place a burden on the healthcare system, and increase mortality. Measures to promote health outcomes for people with DM are scanty; the study therefore aimed at determining the effects of self‐management and social support on glycemic control of T2DM with complications in Ghana.MethodsA cross‐sectional design using convenience sampling was conducted on 400 T2DM patients using Hensarling's Diabetes Family Support Scale and Summary of Diabetes Self‑Care Activities scale. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive, Pearson Moment Product Correlation and Binary Logistic Regression on self‐management, social support, and glycemic control in T2DM patients.ResultsSocial support among participants was high and there was a positive correlation or relationship between social support and T2DM self‐management. There was a correlation between social support and self‐management (r = 0.149, p < 0.05) and diet control (r = 0.221, p < 0.05). The results also showed a significant correlation between medication adherence and glycemic management (r = 0.116, p < 0.05) while female T2DM participants, individuals with at least primary education were less likely to have low self‐management relative to T2DM.ConclusionThough the level of T2DM self‐management was high it does not translate to good glycemic control. Focused health education programs should be incorporated into patients' care plans which will be particularly relevant for patients with T2DM and will contribute to positive physiological and psychological outcomes. Furthermore, a more robust monitoring and follow‐up scheme should be scaled up or instituted for patients with T2DM.

Publisher

Wiley

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