Laboratory‐adapted and wild‐type black soldier flies express differential plasticity in bioconversion and nutrition when reared on urban food waste streams

Author:

Zhang Qi‐Hui1ORCID,Silvaraju Shaktheeshwari1,Unadirekkul Phira1,Lim Nicholas Weishou1,Heng Chin Wee2,Liu Mei Hui2,Puniamoorthy Nalini1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore

2. Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore

Abstract

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe black soldier fly (BSF) offers a potential solution to address shortages of feed and food sources; however, selecting effective rearing substrates remains a major hurdle in BSF farming. In an urban area like Singapore, current practice is based on rearing BSF on homogeneous waste streams (e.g., spent brewery grains or okara) because heterogeneous food wastes (e.g., mixed kitchen/canteen waste or surplus cooked food) present several operational challenges with respect to the standardization of development, nutritional content, and harvesting.RESULTSIn this study, we compared two genetic strains of BSF larvae (wild‐type and laboratory‐adapted line) in a bioconversion experiment with diverse types of food waste (homogeneous/heterogeneous; plant/meat) and we quantified the phenotypic plasticity. Our results demonstrate different plasticity in bioconversion performance, larval growth and larval nutrition between the two BSF lines. This difference may be attributed to the selective breeding the laboratory‐adapted line has experienced. Notably, larval lipid content displayed little to no genetic variation for plasticity compared with larval protein and carbohydrate content. Despite variation in larval development, heterogeneous food wastes can produce better performance in bioconversion, larval growth, and larval nutrient content than homogeneous food waste. All‐meat diets result in high larvae mortality but larval survival could be rescued by mixing meat with plant‐based food wastes.CONCLUSIONOverall, we suggest using mixed meals for BSF larvae feeding. Targeted breeding may be a promising strategy for the BSF industry but it is important to consider the selection effects on plasticity in larval nutrition carefully. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Funder

National Research Foundation Singapore

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Nutrition and Dietetics,Agronomy and Crop Science,Food Science,Biotechnology

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