ZNF746 plays cardinal roles on colorectal cancer (CRC) cell invasion and migration and regulates mitochondrial dynamics and morphological changes of CRC cells—Role of combined melatonin and 5‐FU regimen

Abstract

AbstractThe underlying mechanism of colorectal cells developing into cancer cells has been extensively investigated, yet is still not fully delineated, resulting in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) remains regrettably an unmet need. Zinc Finger Protein 746/Parkin‐interacting substrate (ZNF746/PARIS) has previously been identified to play a fundamental role on bladder cancer cell proliferation and metastasis that were effectively inhibited by melatonin (Mel). In this study, we utilized ex vivo/in vivo studies to verify whether the ZNF746 signaling was also crucial in CRC growth/invasion/migration. Tissue‐bank specimens showed that the protein expression of ZNF746 was significantly increased in CRC than that of healthy colorectal tissues (p < 0.001). Additionally, in vitro study demonstrated that excessive expression of ZNF746 significantly inhibited mitochondrial activity via (1) interfering with the dynamic balance of mitochondrial fusion/fission and (2) inhibiting the protein expression of MFN1/MFN2/PGC1a (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, we identified that inhibition of ZNF746 protein expression significantly reduced the resistance of CRC cell lines to the anticancer drug of 5‐FU (p < 0.001), whereas overexpression of ZNF746 significantly augmented resistance of CRC cells to 5‐FU (all p < 0.001). Finally, using the cell culture method, we found that combined Mel and 5‐FU was superior to merely one on promoting the CRC cell apoptosis (p < 0.001). Our results confirmed that ZNF746 signaling played a cardinal role of CRC cell proliferation/survival and combined Mel and 5‐FU treatment attenuated the resistance of CRC cells to the drug mainly through suppressing this signaling.