1. CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101400 P. R. China
2. Sino‐Russian International Joint Laboratory for Clean Energy and Energy Conversion Technology College of Physics Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
3. Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co. Ltd. Nanjing 210000 P. R. China
4. Electric Power Intelligent Sensing Technology and Application State Grid Corporation Joint Laboratory Beijing 102209 P. R. China
5. School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
6. Center on Nanoenergy Research School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University Naning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China