One‐pot preparation of nanoparticles via self‐assembly of sodium lignosulfonate and quaternary ammonium for controlled release of emamectin benzoate

Abstract

AbstractNanoformulation was an important strategy to reduce the use of pesticides and the impacts on the environment. However, complex process and high cost hurdled the application in agriculture. In this work, sodium lignosulfonate (SL) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) were combined into nanoparticles and utilized as carriers for emamectin benzoate (EB), using a one‐pot method at mild conditions. The structure of nanoparticle was investigated by dynamic light scattering, ζ‐potential measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, and related to the loading and release properties. The mass ratio of SL and CTAC had great impacts on the structure of nanoparticle. The release of EB from SL‐CTAC nanoparticles was pH‐triggered. The retarding efficacy was enhanced in the medium of higher pH, due to the increased interaction between the EB and carrier. The incorporation into the nanoparticles greatly increased the insecticidal toxicity of EB. The median lethal concentration, against Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae, of typical nanoformulation was 55% and 63% of that of conventional formulation emulsifiable concentrates after feeding for 24 and 48 h, respectively. The results indicated SL‐CTAC nanoparticles were good candidates of nanovehicles with high efficiency and low‐cost, which was of great significance to prompt the nanopesticides from laboratory investigation to agricultural application.