Affiliation:
1. Mosul University Department of New and Renewable Energies, College of Science 41002 Mosul Iraq
2. Mosul University Department of Chemistry, College of Science 41002 Mosul Iraq
3. Mosul University Department of Mining Engineering, College of Petroleum and Mining Engineering 41002 Mosul Iraq
Abstract
AbstractThe essential objective of this work was to co‐pyrolyze a binary mixture of date and cherry seeds in a fixed‐bed reactor. The experimental variables influencing the output of products, such as the pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis duration, particle size, and heating rate, were optimized. The maximum liquid fraction yield (55.55 % with a bio‐oil yield of 29.70 %) was attained at 500 °C for 60 min at a heating rate of 40 °C min−1 and a particle size of 0.25 mm. The Fourier transform infrared and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry results revealed that the bio‐oil was predominantly composed of oxygenated hydrocarbons, primarily higher acids (52.05 %), esters (23.67 %), and phenols (13 %). Biochar was converted into activated carbon, which possessed a Brunaer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area of 1055.55 m2g−1. The amorphous structure of this carbon was confirmed by field emission‐scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction measurements.