Affiliation:
1. Universiti Malaysia Pahang Centre for Sustainability of Ecosystem & Earth Resources (Earth Centre) 26300 Pahang Malaysia
2. Universiti Malaysia Pahang Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology 26300 Pahang Malaysia
3. Universiti Malaysia Pahang Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering 26300 Pahang Malaysia
Abstract
AbstractMembrane operations function well in turbulent conditions, requiring the use of a turbulence model. By increasing the velocity and generating eddies with membrane spacers, mass transport can be enhanced and permeability can be intensified while reducing concentration polarization. Spacers act as solid barriers for the bulk fluid and have been shown to facilitate mass transfer at channel thicknesses of 1 mm due to eddy promotion. Spacers are used in a variety of membrane processes including nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and membrane distillation. Membrane spacers can also be used for other applications such as membrane electrolysis, fuel cells, capacitive deionization, and electrodialysis with bipolar membranes. This work systematically reviews and compares irregular geometries of spacers, including Gyroid, tCLP, multilayered, crimped, and tortuous spacers. The review consistently concludes that the spacer geometrical properties are the primary determinants of the streamline effectiveness.
Funder
Universiti Malaysia Pahang
Subject
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,General Chemical Engineering,General Chemistry