Affiliation:
1. Chemical Engineering and Process Development (CEPD) Division CSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory (NCL) Dr Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 India
2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Joggers Road Ghaziabad 201002 India
3. Energy & Environment Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU) Sinhgad Road Pune 411025 India
Abstract
AbstractThe degradation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CFX), an extensively utilized antibiotic for bacterial infections, has been studied through the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) including hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), ozonation (O3), the Fenton reaction, chemical oxidation, and hybrid AOPs such as HC/O3 and Fenton/O3. Among these, the hybrid combination of HC/O3 demonstrated the highest CFX degradation of 99.82 % within 180 min having an initial concentration of 1000 ppm. The optimization of the HC/O3 process was conducted by varying parameters including initial concentration, pH, ozone (O3) gas flowrate, and temperature. Throughout the degradation process, CFX underwent intermediate formation, which gradually degraded over time.