1. Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao 266525 P. R. China
2. Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio‐fouling Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
3. Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
4. Center for Ocean Mega‐Science Chinese Academy of Sciences 7 Nanhai Road Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
6. Shanghai Shipbuilding Technology Research Institute Shanghai 200032 P. R. China