1. Smart Materials and Surfaces Laboratory Faculty of Engineering and Environment Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST UK
2. Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Laboratory Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China
3. School of Engineering University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JL UK
4. State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
5. Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong