Evaluating conservation units using network analysis: a sea duck case study

Author:

Lamb Juliet S12,Cooper‐Mullin Clara1,Gilliland Scott G3,Berlin Alicia M4,Bowman Timothy D5,Boyd W Sean6,De La Cruz Susan EW7,Esler Daniel8,Evenson Joseph R9,Flint Paul8,Lepage Christine10,Meattey Dustin E11,Osenkowski Jason E2,Paton Peter WC1,Perry Matthew C4,Rosenberg Dan12,Savard Jean‐Pierre L13,Savoy Lucas11,Schamber Jason12,Ward David H8,Takekawa John Y14,McWilliams Scott R1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Natural Resources Science University of Rhode Island Kingston RI

2. Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management West Kingston RI

3. Canadian Wildlife Service Sackville Canada

4. US Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Research Center Laurel MD

5. Sea Duck Joint Venture US Fish and Wildlife Service Anchorage AK

6. Science & Technology Branch Environment and Climate Change Canada Delta Canada

7. US Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center Moffett Field CA

8. US Geological Survey Alaska Science Center Anchorage AK

9. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Olympia WA

10. Canadian Wildlife Service Quebec City Canada

11. Biodiversity Research Institute Portland ME

12. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Anchorage AK

13. Science & Technology Branch Environment and Climate Change Canada Quebec City Canada

14. Suisun Resource Conservation District Suisun City CA

Abstract

Conserving migratory wildlife requires understanding how groups of individuals interact across seasons and landscapes. Telemetry reveals individual movements at large spatiotemporal scales; however, using movement data to define conservation units requires scaling up from individual movements to species‐ and community‐level patterns. We developed a framework to define flyways and identify important sites from telemetry data and applied it to long‐term, range‐wide tracking data from three species (640 individuals) of sea ducks: namely, North American scoters (Melanitta spp). Our network of 88 nodes included both multispecies hotspots and areas uniquely important to individual species. We found limited spatial overlap between scoters wintering on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North America, with differing connectivity patterns between coasts. Finally, we identified four multispecies conservation units that did not correspond to traditional management flyways. From this approach, we show how individual movements can be used to quantify range‐wide connectivity of migratory species and reveal gaps in conservation strategies.

Publisher

Wiley

Reference37 articles.

1. Strong evidence for two disjunct populations of black scoters (Melanitta americana) in North America;Bowman TD;Wildfowl,2021

2. NbClust: AnRPackage for Determining the Relevant Number of Clusters in a Data Set

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