1. Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
2. Ecole Centrale de Nantes Université de Nantes, CNRS UMR 6183, GeM (Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique) 1 rue de la Noë, BP 92101 Nantes 44321 France
3. IFSTTAR GERS, SV F-44344 Bouguenais France
4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Università degli Studi di Perugia Perugia Italy