Comparison of bioresorbable bone substitutes, carbonate apatite and β‐tricalcium phosphate, for alveolar bone augmentation with simultaneous implant placement

Abstract

AbstractAimThis study histologically compared two bioresorbable bone substitutes with different composition, carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) and beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP), through alveolar bone augmentation with simultaneous titanium implant placement in beagle dogs.MethodsBone defects (length 7 mm, width 2 mm, and depth 6 mm) were created bilaterally at mandibular premolar sites and augmented with either CO3Ap or β‐TCP granules after titanium implant installation. The specimens with the surrounding tissue were harvested from the mandible at 4, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively, and histological evaluation was performed.ResultsMost β‐TCP granules dissolved in early stages postoperatively, resulting in a lower volume of alveolar bone surrounding the titanium implant. By contrast, in the case of CO3Ap group, the alveolar ridge was reconstructed without reducing the alveolar bone height, and almost all implant threads were covered with new bone by at least 12 weeks postoperatively. Quantitatively, the CO3Ap group showed a significantly higher percentage of new bone formation in the alveolar ridge portion at all follow‐ups. Additionally, it demonstrated a significantly higher bone‐to‐implant contact ratio than that of the β‐TCP group at 12 and 24 weeks after implantation (70.8 ± 5.6% vs. 29.3 ± 16.4% and 54.8 ± 6.9% vs. 41.8 ± 2.2%, respectively).ConclusionIn conclusion, based on the superior outcomes noted in this study, CO3Ap is useful for clinical use in alveolar bone augmentation with simultaneous implant placement.