Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in fields other than psychiatry

Abstract

AbstractNeuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an adverse effect of drugs, mainly neuroleptics. It is characterized by problems related to the autonomic nervous system (such as hyperthermia, diaphoresis, and tachycardia) and extrapyramidal symptoms (such as muscle rigidity and tremor). After onset, NMS progresses rapidly and without treatment, becomes life‐threatening. In recent years, NMS has become better recognized, and treatment has improved; most cases are now curable before becoming dangerous. Most NMS reports are from psychiatrists or neurologists; few are from other specialized clinicians. However, nonpsychiatric clinicians, such as surgeons, emergency physicians, orthopedists, and oral surgeons, sometimes must administer neuroleptic drugs. Although NMS is rare, its effects on patients may be debilitating, and this places a heavy burden on clinicians. Thus, not only psychiatrists but also clinicians in various other fields should understand this illness. This article describes NMS in fields other than psychiatry and its diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment strategies.