Affiliation:
1. Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences Stanford School of Medicine Palo Alto California USA
2. Department of Pathology Stanford University Stanford California USA
3. Department of Medicine ‐ Biomedical Informatics Research Stanford University Stanford California USA
4. Department of Neurosurgery Stanford School of Medicine Palo Alto California USA
Abstract
AbstractNeuroinflammation is a hallmark of ischemic stroke, which is a leading cause of death and long‐term disability. Understanding the exact cellular signaling pathways that initiate and propagate neuroinflammation after stroke will be critical for developing immunomodulatory stroke therapies. In particular, the precise mechanisms of inflammatory signaling in the clinically relevant hyperacute period, hours after stroke, have not been elucidated. We used the RiboTag technique to obtain microglia and astrocyte‐derived mRNA transcripts in a hyperacute (4 h) and acute (3 days) period after stroke, as these two cell types are key modulators of acute neuroinflammation. Microglia initiated a rapid response to stroke at 4 h by adopting an inflammatory profile associated with the recruitment of immune cells. The hyperacute astrocyte profile was marked by stress response genes and transcription factors, such as Fos and Jun, involved in pro‐inflammatory pathways such as TNF‐α. By 3 days, microglia shift to a proliferative state and astrocytes strengthen their inflammatory response. The astrocyte pro‐inflammatory response at 3 days is partially driven by the upregulation of the transcription factors C/EBPβ, Spi1, and Rel, which comprise 25% of upregulated transcription factor‐target interactions. Surprisingly, few sex differences across all groups were observed. Expression and log2 fold data for all sequenced genes are available on a user‐friendly website for researchers to examine gene changes and generate hypotheses for stroke targets. Taken together, our data comprehensively describe the microglia and astrocyte‐specific translatome response in the hyperacute and acute period after stroke and identify pathways critical for initiating neuroinflammation.
Funder
American Heart Association
Fondation Leducq
National Institutes of Health
Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group
Subject
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience,Neurology
Cited by
8 articles.
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