Deciphering sources and processing of dissolved black carbon in coastal seas

Author:

Bao Hongyan1ORCID,Niggemann Jutta2ORCID,Du Moge1,Zhao Weiqiang1,Huang Dekun3ORCID,Yi Yuanbi4,Yang Jin‐Yu Terence1ORCID,Dittmar Thorsten25ORCID,Kao Shuh‐Ji16ORCID

Affiliation:

1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China

2. Research Group for Marine Geochemistry (ICBM‐MPI Bridging Group), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment University of Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany

3. Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources Xiamen China

4. Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China

5. Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) at the University of Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany

6. State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, School of Marine Science and Engineering Hainan University Haikou Hainan China

Abstract

AbstractDissolved black carbon (DBC) is the largest known slow‐cycling organic carbon pool in the ocean; yet, its sources and processing in the coastal seas remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a study in the East China Sea and South Yellow Sea to quantify and molecularly characterize DBC using benzene polycarboxylic acids (DBCBPCA) and ultra‐high resolution mass spectrometry (DBCFT), respectively. The concentration of DBCBPCA was 0.70–1.9 μmol C L−1 and exhibited a significant negative correlation with salinity. Significant correlations were also observed between salinity and molecular characters (oxygen‐to‐carbon ratio; double bond equivalent; molecular weight) of DBCFT. These findings collectively suggest that mixing processes primarily control the concentration and composition of DBC. A two‐end‐member mixing model revealed that riverine input and offshore water contributed ~ 22% and 63%, respectively, to the DBCBPCA in the study region. Additionally, atmospheric deposition and potentially other unidentified sources contributed at least ~ 15% DBCBPCA, assuming no removal. Furthermore, ~ 70% of DBCFT in the coastal seawater could be found in the river water, and aerosols, which was in line with the information from DBCBPCA. Our study provides the first comprehensive assessment of both the sources and influential processes of DBC in coastal seas, highlighting the importance of additional sources, such as atmospheric deposition, and emphasizing the need to identify previously unknown sources of DBC.

Funder

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Aquatic Science,Oceanography

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