Self‐Growing Organic Materials

Author:

Xiong Xinhong12,Wang Hong12ORCID,Xue Lulu3ORCID,Cui Jiaxi12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Huzhou 313001 P. R. China

2. Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu Sichuan 611731 China

3. Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

Abstract

AbstractThe growth of living systems is ubiquitous. Living organisms can continually update their sizes, shapes, and properties to meet various environmental challenges. Such a capability is also demonstrated by emerging self‐growing materials that can incorporate externally provided compounds to grow as living organisms. In this Minireview, we summarize these materials in terms of six aspects. First, we discuss their essential characteristics, then describe the strategies for enabling crosslinked organic materials to self‐grow from nutrient solutions containing polymerizable compounds. The developed examples are grouped into five categories based on their molecular mechanisms. We then explain the mechanism of mass transport within polymer networks during growth, which is critical for controlling the shape and morphology of the grown products. Afterwards, simulation models built to explain the interesting phenomena observed in self‐growing materials are discussed. The development of self‐growing materials is accompanied by various applications, including tuning bulk properties, creating textured surfaces, growth‐induced self‐healing, 4D printing, self‐growing implants, actuation, self‐growing structural coloration, and others. These examples are then summed up. Finally, we discuss the opportunities brought by self‐growing materials and their facing challenges.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Medicine

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