Affiliation:
1. Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
2. Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
3. FOREST, JST 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
Abstract
AbstractUltraviolet (UV, λ<400 nm) light is essential for various photochemical reactions, but its intensity in the solar spectrum is very low, and light sources that artificially generate high‐energy UV light are inefficient and environmentally unfriendly. A solution to this problem is photon upconversion (UC) from visible (vis, λ>400 nm) light to UV light. Among several mechanisms, UC based on triplet‐triplet annihilation (TTA‐UC) in particular has made remarkable progress in recent years. The development of new chromophores has enabled highly efficient conversion of low‐intensity visible light into UV light. In this review, we summarize the recent development of visible‐to‐UV TTA‐UC, from the development of chromophores and their production into films to their application in various photochemical processes such as catalysis, bond activation and polymerization. Finally, challenges and opportunities in future material development and applications will be discussed.
Funder
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Japan Science and Technology Corporation
Murata Science Foundation
Research Foundation for Opto-Science and Technology
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt