40 Years of Low‐Temperature Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

Author:

Li Zeheng1,Yao Yu‐Xing1,Sun Shuo1,Jin Cheng‐Bin1,Yao Nan1,Yan Chong2,Zhang Qiang1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

2. Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China

Abstract

AbstractRechargeable lithium batteries are one of the most appropriate energy storage systems in our electrified society, as virtually all portable electronic devices and electric vehicles today rely on the chemical energy stored in them. However, sub‐zero Celsius operation, especially below −20 °C, remains a huge challenge for lithium batteries and greatly limits their application in extreme environments. Slow Li+ diffusion and charge transfer kinetics have been identified as two main origins of the poor performance of RLBs under low‐temperature conditions, both strongly associated with the liquid electrolyte that governs bulk and interfacial ion transport. In this review, we first analyze the low‐temperature kinetic behavior and failure mechanism of lithium batteries from an electrolyte standpoint. We next trace the history of low‐temperature electrolytes in the past 40 years (1983–2022), followed by a comprehensive summary of the research progress as well as introducing the state‐of‐the‐art characterization and computational methods for revealing their underlying mechanisms. Finally, we provide some perspectives on future research of low‐temperature electrolytes with particular emphasis on mechanism analysis and practical application.

Funder

National Key Research and Development Program of China

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Medicine

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