1. Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Failure Center Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital 123 Tai Pei Road, Niao Sung District Kaohsiung City 83301 Taiwan, Republic of China
2. Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan City Taiwan, Republic of China
3. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung City Taiwan, Republic of China
4. Department of Nursing, Heart Failure Center Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung City Taiwan, Republic of China
5. Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung City Taiwan, Republic of China