Affiliation:
1. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
2. Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA‐City) Alexandria Egypt
3. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
4. Department of Innovation in Medical Education (DIME), Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
Abstract
AbstractCorneal blindness affects over 10 million patients worldwide. Due to the limited supply of donor corneas and frequent graft failure, bioengineered alternatives are crucial. To overcome drawbacks associated with corneal substitutes from synthetic biomaterials, fabrication from plant‐derived biomaterials is a potential alternative. Herein, soy protein and glutenin in combination with different crosslinkers were evaluated for fabrication of corneal substitutes. Optical, mechanical, and biochemical properties of fabricated constructs and control rabbit corneas were evaluated in vitro. Soy protein crosslinked with peroxidase/H202 possessed transparency and mechanical properties comparable to controls, although their water content and biocompatibility were inferior. In contrast, soy protein crosslinked with tannic acid showed similar water content, tensile strength, and biocompatibility as rabbit corneas; however, these constructs displayed significantly lower transparency and higher strain to failure. Finally, glutenin cross‐linked using formaldehyde showed excellent transparency, strain to failure, and biocompatibility, however; they exhibited significantly lower water content and tensile strength than controls. This study is the first to establish CIELAB color values for the rabbit cornea, allowing quantitative optical evaluation of tissue‐engineered substitutes. Thus, a crosslinking strategy utilizing plant‐derived proteins for fabrication of constructs with properties comparable to rabbit corneas is a promising direction for development of tissue‐engineered corneal substitutes.