Affiliation:
1. Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh
2. Center for Bioinformatics Learning Advancement and Systematic Training University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh
3. Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh
4. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology North South University Dhaka Bangladesh
5. Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
6. Department of Plant Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture Iwate University Morioka Japan
7. Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
Abstract
AbstractTo better understand the salt tolerance of the wild rice, Oryza coarctata, root tissue‐specific untargeted comparative metabolomic profiling was performed against the salt‐sensitive Oryza sativa. Under control, O. coarctata exhibited abundant levels of most metabolites, while salt caused their downregulation in contrast to metabolites in O. sativa. Under control conditions, itaconate, vanillic acid, threonic acid, eicosanoids, and a group of xanthin compounds were comparatively abundant in O. coarctata. Similarly, eight amino acids showed constitutive abundance in O. coarctata. In contrast, under control, glycerolipid abundances were lower in O. coarctata and salt stress further reduced their abundance. Most phospholipids also showed a distribution similar to the glycerolipids. Fatty acyls were however significantly induced in O. coarctata but organic acids were prominently induced in O. sativa. Changes in metabolite levels suggest that there was upregulation of the arachidonic acid metabolism in O. coarctata. In addition, the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis as well as cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis were also more enriched in O. coarctata, likely contributing to its anatomical traits responsible for salt tolerance. The comparative variation in the number of metabolites like gelsemine, allantoin, benzyl alcohol, specific phospholipids, and glycerolipids may play a role in maintaining the superior growth of O. coarctata in salt. Collectively, our results offer a comprehensive analysis of the metabolite profile in the roots of salt‐tolerant O. coarctata and salt‐sensitive O. sativa, which confirm potential targets for metabolic engineering to improve salt tolerance and resilience in commercial rice genotypes.