1. Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
2. Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences University of Maryland School of Dentistry Baltimore Maryland USA
3. Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Umm Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
4. Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division University of Maryland School of Dentistry Baltimore Maryland USA
5. Department of General Dentistry, Division of Operative Dentistry University of Maryland School of Dentistry Baltimore Maryland USA