A multidimensional framework to quantify the effects of urbanization on avian breeding fitness

Author:

Chen Sihao12ORCID,Liu Yu3ORCID,Patrick Samantha C.2ORCID,Goodale Eben1ORCID,Safran Rebecca J.4ORCID,Pagani‐Núñez Emilio156ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Health and Environmental Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong‐Liverpool University Suzhou China

2. Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK

3. Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China

4. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA

5. School of Applied Sciences Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh UK

6. Centre for Conservation and Restoration Science Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh UK

Abstract

AbstractUrbanization has dramatically altered Earth's landscapes and changed a multitude of environmental factors. This has resulted in intense land‐use change, and adverse consequences such as the urban heat island effect (UHI), noise pollution, and artificial light at night (ALAN). However, there is a lack of research on the combined effects of these environmental factors on life‐history traits and fitness, and on how these interactions shape food resources and drive patterns of species persistence. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature and created a comprehensive framework of the mechanistic pathways by which urbanization affects fitness and thus favors certain species. We found that urbanization‐induced changes in urban vegetation, habitat quality, spring temperature, resource availability, acoustic environment, nighttime light, and species behaviors (e.g., laying, foraging, and communicating) influence breeding choices, optimal time windows that reduce phenological mismatch, and breeding success. Insectivorous and omnivorous species that are especially sensitive to temperature often experience advanced laying behaviors and smaller clutch sizes in urban areas. By contrast, some granivorous and omnivorous species experience little difference in clutch size and number of fledglings because urban areas make it easier to access anthropogenic food resources and to avoid predation. Furthermore, the interactive effect of land‐use change and UHI on species could be synergistic in locations where habitat loss and fragmentation are greatest and when extreme‐hot weather events take place in urban areas. However, in some instances, UHI may mitigate the impact of land‐use changes at local scales and provide suitable breeding conditions by shifting the environment to be more favorable for species' thermal limits and by extending the time window in which food resources are available in urban areas. As a result, we determined five broad directions for further research to highlight that urbanization provides a great opportunity to study environmental filtering processes and population dynamics.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Nature and Landscape Conservation,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Reference209 articles.

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