Chronic exposure to TiO2 micro‐ and nano particles: A biochemical and histopathological experimental study

Author:

Domingo Mariela Gisele12ORCID,Kurtz Melisa34,Maglione Guillermo45,Martin Maximiliano3,Brites Fernando36,Tasat Deborah Ruth45ORCID,Olmedo Daniel Gustavo13ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica Buenos Aires Argentina

2. Becario de Investigación de la Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina

3. CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina

4. Instituto de Tecnologías Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas (ITECA), Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología Universidad Nacional de San Martín—CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina

5. Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología Buenos Aires Argentina

6. Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Lipoproteínas Buenos Aires Argentina

Abstract

AbstractThe aim of this work was to analyze the effects of long‐term exposure to titanium dioxide (TiO2) micro‐ (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) (six and 12 months) on the biochemical and histopathological response of target organs using a murine model. Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with a suspension of TiO2 NPs (5 nm; TiO2‐NP5 group) or MPs (45 μm; TiO2‐NP5 group); the control group was injected with saline solution. Six and 12 months post‐injection, titanium (Ti) concentration in plasma and target organs was determined spectrometrically (ICP‐MS). Blood smears and organ tissue samples were evaluated by light microscopy. Liver and kidney function was evaluated using serum biochemical parameters. Oxidative metabolism was assessed 6 months post‐injection (determination of superoxide anion by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation, and paraoxonase 1). Titanium (Ti) concentration in target organs and plasma was significantly higher in the TiO2‐exposed groups than in the control group. Histological evaluation showed the presence of titanium‐based particles in the target organs, which displayed no structural alterations, and in blood monocytes. Oxidative metabolism analysis showed that TiO2 NPs were more reactive over time than MPs (p < .05) and mobilization of antioxidant enzymes and membrane damage varied among the studied organs. Clearance of TiO2 micro and nanoparticles differed among the target organs, and lung clearance was more rapid than clearance from the lungs and kidneys (p < .05). Conversely, Ti concentration in plasma increased with time (p < .05). In conclusion, neither serum biochemical parameters nor oxidative metabolism markers appear to be useful as biomarkers of tissue damage in response to TiO2 micro‐ and nanoparticle deposits at chronic time points.

Funder

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Universidad de Buenos Aires

Publisher

Wiley

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