Cross-reactive cellular, but not humoral, immunity is detected between OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 NPs in people not infected with SARS-CoV-2: Possible role of cTFH cells

Author:

García-Jiménez Álvaro Fernando1,Cáceres-Martell Yaiza1,Fernández-Soto Daniel1,Martínez Fleta Pedro2,Casasnovas José M3,Sánchez-Madrid Francisco2,Frade José Miguel Rodríguez1,Valés-Gómez Mar1,Reyburn Hugh T1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC , Madrid, Spain

2. Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa IIS-IP , Madrid, Spain

3. Department of Macromolecular Structures, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, CNB , Madrid, Spain

Abstract

Abstract Multiple questions about SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immunity remain unanswered. One key question is whether preexisting memory T or B cells, specific for related coronaviruses in SARS-CoV-2-unexposed individuals, can recognize and suppress COVID-19, but this issue remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens are restricted to serum samples from COVID-19 convalescent individuals. In contrast, cross-reactive T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production responses were detected in PBMCs of around 30% of donor samples collected prepandemic, although we found that these prepandemic T cell responses only elicited weak cTFH activation upon stimulation with either HCoV-OC43 or SARS-CoV-2 NP protein. Overall, these observations confirm that T cell cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2 antigens are present in unexposed people, but suggest that the T cell response to HCoV-OC43 could be deficient in some important aspects, like TFH expansion, that might compromise the generation of cross-reactive TFH cells and antibodies. Understanding these differences in cellular responses may be of critical importance to advance in our knowledge of immunity against SARS-CoV-2.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Cell Biology,Immunology,Immunology and Allergy

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